ABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción: Spiraxidae es la familia de gasterópodos terrestres más diversa de México con una distribución principalmente neotropical. Sin embargo, la influencia de las condiciones ambientales de esta región en su distribución aún es poco conocida. Objetivo: Determinar las afinidades zoogeográficas y la influencia de factores ambientales en la distribución de Spiraxidae en México. Métodos: Compilamos registros de distribución de museos y usamos modelos para establecer áreas con composición de especies, concentración de especies, afinidades y relaciones con variables ambientales similares. Resultados: Encontramos 231 especies y subespecies, 96 en el estado de Veracruz y 74 en la Sierra Madre Oriental. La principal afinidad zoogeográfica fue neotropical. El bosque mesófilo de montaña tuvo la mayor cantidad de especies y subespecies (93). Tres de los grupos zonales tienen una composición particular de especies y el 67 % de las especies son especialistas de hábitat. La presencia de especies sigue un gradiente ambiental, con la cubierta de árboles de hoja perenne de hoja ancha y la precipitación media anual como variables determinantes. Las especies del norte tuvieron mayor tolerancia a la aridez y menor cobertura de hojas. Conclusiones: Spiraxidae tiene su mayor diversidad en los estados del Sur de México; sin embargo, la zona nororiental tiene más registros de especies. Estos caracoles se encuentran principalmente en bosques mesófilos de montaña y bosques tropicales siempre verdes. Las especies del norte de México tuvieron una mayor tolerancia a los sitios con poca lluvia y menos cobertura de árboles de hoja perenne de hoja ancha que las especies del sur.
Abstract Introduction: Spiraxidae is the most diverse family of terrestrial gastropods in Mexico with a mainly neotropical distribution. However, the influence of environmental conditions in this region on its distribution is still poorly known. Objective: To determine zoogeographic affinities and the influence of environmental factors on the distribution of Spiraxidae in Mexico. Methods: We compiled museum distribution records and used models to establish areas with similar species composition, species concentration, affinities and relationship with environmental variables. Results: We found 231 species and subspecies, 96 in Veracruz state and 74 in Sierra Madre Oriental. The main zoogeographic affinity was neotropical. Mountain mesophyll forest had the most species and subspecies (93). Three of zone groups have a particular species composition and 67 % of the species are habitat specialists. Species presence follows an environmental gradient, with broadleaf evergreen tree cover and average annual precipitation as determining variables. Northern species had greater tolerance to aridity and reduced leaf cover. Conclusions: Spiraxidae has its greatest diversity in the Southern states of Mexico; however, the Northeastern zone has more species records. These snails mostly occur in mesophyll mountain forest and tropical evergreen forest. Species from Northern Mexico had greater tolerance to sites with low rainfall and less broadleaf evergreen tree cover than Southern species.
Subject(s)
Animals , Snails/classification , Animal Distribution , MexicoABSTRACT
En busca de contribuir al conocimiento de la fauna de invertebrados en la región Caribe de Colombia, se evaluó la fauna de pseudoescorpiones en dos zonas insulares continentales frente a la costa del departamento de Córdoba, la cual incluye a nueve especies, ocho géneros y seis familias. Se reporta por primera vez el género Solinus Chamberlin y se amplía la distribución conocida de Solinus corticola Chamberlin, 1923, hacia Colombia. Se efectúan consideraciones sobre las especies a los diferentes microhábitats (excepto Planctolpium arboreum Hoff, 1964). Se sugiere que el rafting y la foresia permitió la dispersión de estos géneros y especies desde el continente hacia las zonas insulares.
To contribute to the knowledge of the invertebrate fauna in the Caribbean region of Colombia, the pseudoscorpion fauna was evaluated in two continental islands zones in the coast of the department of Córdoba, which includes nine species distributed in eight genera and six families, the genus Solinus Chamberlin is reported for the first time and the known distribution of Solinus corticola Chamberlin, 1923 is extended to Colombia. Also, the adaptation of the species to the different microhabitats is considered (except for Planctolpium arboreum Hoff, 1964). It is suggested that the rafting and the phoresis allowed the dispersal of these genera and species from the mainland towards the insular zones.
ABSTRACT
Resumen El Río Presidio, ubicado en el sur de Sinaloa, México, pertenece a la zona de transición zoogeográfica NeárticoNeotropical, donde su fauna de peces podría manifestar cambios en la abundancia y distribución de las especies durante los períodos de lluvias y de secas. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue describir la composición taxonómica y la abundancia espacial y temporal de la fauna de peces de la parte baja y media del Río Presidio, mediante muestreos bimestrales de abril 2008 a febrero 2009. Cuarenta especies (39 nativas y 1 exótica) pertenecientes a 32 géneros y 19 familias fueron registradas, siendo las familias Gerreidae y Poeciliidae las más diversas con cinco y cuatro especies, respectivamente. Seis especies: Lile stolifera, Oreochromis aureus, Awaous banana, Gobiomorus maculatus, Anchoa analis y Atherinella crystallina, en ese orden de importancia contribuyeron con casi el 49 % de la abundancia íctica total. La riqueza de especies y la salinidad demostraron una relación directa y ambas tuvieron una relación inversa con la altitud. Con base en la disimilitud de especies entre sitios, dos tipos de ensambles de peces fueron distinguidos a través de un gradiente de salinidad y turbidez en el río, el primero representado por especies de derivación marina (periféricas) en la parte baja, y el segundo por especies dulceacuícolas secundarias en la parte media. La mayor similitud de especies se dio en agosto y septiembre y estuvo asociada a condiciones de altos flujos del periodo de lluvias. Veintisiete especies tienen afinidad a la Región del Pacífico oriental, seis a la Región Neotropical, dos a la Región Neártica (Dorosoma smithi e Ictalurus cf. pricei), una Anfiatlántica (Mugil curema), una Circumtropical (M. cephalus), dos Anfiamericanas (Agonostomus monticola y Gerres cinereus) y una exótica (O. aureus).
Abstract The Rio Presidio in the southern Sinaloa, Mexico belongs to Nearctic-Neotropical zoogeographical transition zone, where its fish fauna could manifest changes in the abundance and distribution of the species during rainy and dry periods. The main objective of this study was to describe the taxonomic composition and spatial and temporal abundance of the fish fauna from the lower and middle Rio Presidio, by means of bimonthly samplings from April 2008 to February 2009. Forty fish species (39 native and 1 exotic) belonging to 32 genera and 19 families were registered. Two families (Gerreidae and Poeciliidae) contained the highest numbers of species (five and four, respectively). Six species (Lile stolifera, Oreochromis aureus, Awaous banana, Anchoa analis, Gobiomorus maculatus and Atherinella crystallina) in this order of importance contributed with almost 49 % of the total fish abundance. Species richness and salinity showed a direct relationship and an inverse relationship with the altitude. Based on the coefficient of similarity of species among sites two fish assemblages were identified. The first assemblage formed by species from marine derivation (peripheral) occurring in the lower part of the river, and the second assemblage by secondary freshwater species in the middle part. The higher fish species similarity observed in August and September was under the influence of the highest flows of the rainy period. Twenty-seven 27 species showed affinity to the Tropical Eastern Pacific Region, six species to the Neotropical region and two to the Nearctic region (Dorosoma smithi and Ictalurus cf. pricei ); one species has an Amphiatlantic distribution (Mugil curema), another is circumtropical (Mugil cephalus), two species have Amphiamerican distribution (A. monticola and G. cinereus), and one is exotic (O. aureus). Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(2): 848-862. Epub 2018 June 01.
Subject(s)
Animals , Space-Time Clustering , Ecosystem , Rivers , Spatio-Temporal Analysis , Refugium , Fishes , MexicoABSTRACT
The ecology of tidepool fishes has been extensively investigated worldwide over the past 40 years. As in many other ecological fields, studies in temperate zones outnumber studies carried out in tropical areas. Here, we document the short-term spatio-temporal variation of a tidepool fish assemblage from the Tropical Eastern Pacific (Gorgona Island, Colombia), compare our data with previous surveys made in 1993 and provide the first latitudinal comparison of tidepool fish assemblages in the Eastern Pacific coast (43°N to 36°S). During April-July 2006, monthly samplings were carried in 18 tidepools located at three sites this Island. A relatively species-rich tidepool fish assemblage (53 species) was found at Gorgona Island. Labrisomidae, Gobiidae and Gobiesocidae were the dominant resident components of this assemblage, whereas Pomacentridae, Muraenidae and Labridae constituted the transient component. Although the same dominant species were observed in surveys from 1993 and 2006, suggesting a high persistence of this assemblage over time, clear differences in the relative abundance of some species were also detected. These differences were partly the result of using different sampling methodologies (rotenone vs clove oil). Comparisons with other studies performed in tropical and temperate areas of the Eastern Pacific coast indicate a clear latitudinal pattern in the composition of these assemblages that correspond to well-documented biogeographic subdivisions of the marine fauna in this region. Further investigation of the ecological role that tidepool fishes play in rocky intertidal and subtidal areas of Gorgona Island and the whole Tropical Eastern Pacific region will benefit our understanding of the functioning of these important coastal ecosystems. Rev. Biol. Trop. 62 (Suppl. 1): 373-390. Epub 2014 February 01.
A nivel mundial, la ecología de peces de charcos intermareales ha sido ampliamente investigada durante los últimos 40 años, especialmente en zonas templadas. En este trabajo, se documenta la variación espacio-temporal en corta escala de un ensamblaje de peces de charcos intermareales en el Pacífico Oriental Tropical (Isla Gorgona, Colombia), y se comparan nuestros resultados, con los resultados obtenidos durante muestreos realizados en la misma localidad en 1993. Además se realiza la primera comparación latitudinal de estos ensamblajes para la costa oriental del Océano Pacífico (43°N a 36°S). Durante abril a junio de 2006, se realizaron muestreos mensuales en 18 charcos intermareales distribuidos en tres localidades de Isla Gorgona, estableciendo un ensamblaje de peces de charcos intermareales con una alta riqueza de especies (53 especies). Labrisomidae, Gobiidae and Gobiesocidae fueron los componentes residentes dominantes en el ensamblaje, mientras que Pomacentridae, Muraenidae and Labridae fueron los componentes transitorios. Aunque el registro de las mismas especies dominantes en 1993 y 2006 sustenta la idea de una alta persistencia temporal de este ensamblaje, se detectaron diferencias significativas en la abundancia relativa de las especies. Estas diferencias podrían ser el resultado de las diferentes técnicas de captura utilizadas durante 1993 y 2006 (rotenona vs aceite de clavo). Al comparar los estudios sobre peces intermareales realizados en la zona tropical y zona templada de la costa oriental del Océano Pacífico, se identificó un claro patrón latitudinal en la composición de los ensamblajes, que es consecuente con la ampliamente documentada subdivisión biogeográfica de la fauna marina de esta región. Para comprender el funcionamiento de los ecosistemas costeros del Pacífico Oriental tropical, es necesario que futuros esfuerzos de investigación se encaminen a conocer el papel ecológico de los peces intermareales en esta región.
Subject(s)
Marine Fauna/analysis , Wetlands , Spatio-Temporal Analysis , Fishes/classification , ColombiaABSTRACT
Terrestrial gastropods zoogeography in Southern Tamaulipas, México. Biogeography of Mexican terrestrial mollusks is poorly known, although many studies have described some of their biological aspects. This study aimed to contribute with new information on the distribution of terrestrial mollusks in this region of high altitudinal, topographic and climatic variations of Southern Tamaulipas State, México. For this, terrestrial gastropods were surveyed from December 1990 to November 2006. A total of 525 samples were obtained from 121 localities, characterized with different vegetation types. The primary zoogeographical feature was the presence of many endemic taxa, with 45 species or subspecies, representing the 43%, the highest value for Northeastern México. In addition, a total of 24 species (23%), were of Neotropical and Neartic distributions, and 15 species or subspecies (14%) exhibited Neotropical distributions. Furthermore, the family Spiraxidae showed the largest number of endemic species, with 17 species and two subspecies, and had the largest number of endemic species (27) for Northeastern México.
La biogeografía de los moluscos terrestres mexicanos es pobremente conocida. Entre diciembre 1990 y noviembre 2006 se estudiaron los gasterópodos terrestres de la región sur del estado de Tamaulipas, México. Esta región posee una gran variación altitudinal, topográfica y climática. Los muestreos (525) fueron obtenidos en 121 localidades en diferentes tipos de vegetación. La principal característica zoogeográfica fue el endemismo, con 45 especies o subespecies (43% de la malacofauna, el valor más alto se dio en el noreste de México). Además, un total de 24 especies (23%) tuvo una distribución neotropical y neártica, y 15 especies o subespecies (14%) una distribución exclusivamente neotropical. La familia Spiraxidae fue la que presentó mayor endemismo (17 especies y dos subespecies). Esta familia tiene el mayor número de especies endémicas (27) en el noreste de México.
Subject(s)
Animals , Gastropoda/classification , Mexico , Population DensityABSTRACT
The Atlantic Forest is one of the priority areas for conservation in the world, since exhibits an overwhelming biodiversity of species. Among this biome stands the biogeographic unit located north of San Francisco River, which extends from the state of Alagoas to Rio Grande do Norte. On this portion of Atlantic Forest some isolated fragments of humid forests can be found, inserted in the arid Caatinga, known as Brejos de Altitude or Brejos Nordestinos. There is a total of 43 Brejos distributed in the states of Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba and Pernambuco and with the exception of some humid enclaves in the state of Ceará, the snake fauna of these areas are poorly known. Thus, our aim is to evaluate the current status of the snakes that inhabited these areas present on Paraíba and Pernambuco states, furnishing a preliminary list of the species housed on two representative collections concerning this region, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP) and Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB). As a result, we recorded 27 species of snakes showing that this composition includes species primarily distributed in forest and open areas and also species widely distributed in different kind of biomes. We also stated that due to the present deforestation and the use of these areas for agricultural purposes the knowledge of its biodiversity is imperative, especially to generate information that will enable future management and conservation plans for these areas.
A Floresta Atlântica é uma das principais prioridades para conservação no mundo apresentando uma alta riqueza e biodiversidade de espécies. Dentre as diversas feições deste bioma destaca-se a unidade biogeográfica localizada ao norte do Rio São Francisco, que se estende do Estado de Alagoas até Rio Grande do Norte. Nessa porção de Floresta Atlântica são encontrados fragmentos isolados de matas úmidas, inseridos meio a região árida da Caatinga, conhecidos como Brejos de Altitude ou Brejos Nordestinos. São 43 enclaves distribuídos nos estados do Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba e Pernambuco. Com exceção de alguns brejos situados no Ceará, a fauna de serpentes destes enclaves é pobremente conhecida, especialmente nos estados da Paraíba e Pernambuco. Desta forma, este trabalho teve por propósito avaliar o status atual do conhecimento das serpentes que habitam estas áreas de brejos nos estados da Paraíba e Pernambuco, fornecendo uma lista baseada em dados de duas coleções herpetológicas, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) e Museu de Zoologia de Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP). Como resultado, registramos 27 espécies de serpentes em 4 brejos da Paraíba e 4 de Pernambuco. A composição da fauna de alguns destes brejos consiste de espécies tanto de áreas florestais quanto de áreas abertas, assim como de espécies amplamente distribuídas em diversos tipos de ambientes. Constatamos também que devido à forte pressão antrópica que estes enclaves vêm sofrendo, estudos sobre biodiversidade destas áreas são imprescindíveis, visando gerar informações que viabilizem futuros planos de manejo e conservação dessas áreas.
ABSTRACT
Chapada Diamantina is located in central Bahia state, and has a large diversity of habitats, including important transitional areas, but has remained largely unstudied until now. In the present study we list the non-flying mammals of Chapada Diamantina National Park and surroundings. We captured only small non-volant mammals, medium and large mammals were assessed through indirect evidences (tracks and marks) and interviews. We recorded 58 species and 47 genera from seven Mammalian orders. Seven species are included in the list of endangered Brazilian species by IBAMA and IUCN; and other seven are classified as data-deficient. Species richness of small mammals was equivalent among sampled habitats, but species composition varied among habitats (10 in semi-deciduous forest, 9 in rocky savanna and 8 in cerrado sensu stricto), as some species are restricted by humidity to forest habitats. During four different samplings, eight species were collected only in open vegetation, four only in forests, and six in both habitats. Oligoryzomys rupestris and Gracilinanus microtarsus had its geographic range expanded. Faunal composition is similar to the one observed in the Atlantic Forest, including species from Cerrado and Caatinga. Besides, some species occupy different habitats from those previously ascribed to them.
A Chapada Diamantina está localizada na parte central do Estado da Bahia, apresentando grande diversidade de habitats, assim como áreas de transição. Seu isolamento da Mata Atlântica costeira por extensa área de vegetação aberta fazem com que seja uma região de particular interesse na compreensão dos padrões de ocorrência e evolução da mastofauna neotropical. Uma lista de mamíferos não voadores do Parque Nacional da Chapada Diamantina e arredores foi elaborada. O esforço de captura foi realizado apenas para pequenos mamíferos, assim, a sua composição e riqueza de espécies entre habitats (floresta decidual, cerrado sensu stricto e campo rupestre) foram calculadas. Visitas às coleções científicas permitiram, junto com os dados de coletas, a compilação de 58 espécies e 47 gêneros de sete ordens de mamíferos. Sete espécies estão incluídas nas listas de espécies brasileiras ameaçadas de extinção do IBAMA e do IUCN; e outras sete estão classificadas como espécies com pouco conhecimento. A riqueza de espécies de pequenos mamíferos foi equivalente entre os habitats sem relação com o esforço amostral e número de espécies coletadas (10 na floresta decidual, nove em campo rupestre e oito no cerrado sentido restrito). A composição de espécies de pequenos mamíferos variou entre habitats, já que algumas espécies são restritas a ambientes úmidos e com fitosionomia florestal. Durante os quatro períodos de captura foi observada uma maior afinidade de algumas espécies em relação ao tipo de vegetação: oito ocorreram apenas em vegetação aberta, quatro apenas em floresta e seis espécies nos dois tipos de habitats. Oligoryzomys rupestris e Gracilinanus microtarsus tiveram sua distribuição geográfica expandida. A composição faunística apresenta afinidades com a Mata Atlântica com a influência do Cerrado e da Caatinga, com algumas espécies ocupando habitats diferentes daqueles previamente registrados.
ABSTRACT
Se realiza un repaso histórico al estudio del orden Ephemeroptera en Cuba desde principios del siglo XIX, en que fueron descubiertas las primeras especies, y un análisis de la composición actualmente conocida de la fauna cubana, por familias, géneros y especies. Se explica la distribución geográfica de las especies dentro de la isla de Cuba, así como el endemismo, llevándose a cabo un estudio comparativo entre las regiones biogeográficas reconocidas para el país. Por último se ofrecen recomendaciones sobre las líneas de trabajo a abordar en este orden en Cuba.
A history of the study of the order Ephemeroptera in Cuba since the XIX century, when the first species were discovered, and an analysis of the current list of families, genera and species is presented. Endemism and the geographical distribution of the species in Cuba are commented upon, as well as the relations between the biogeographical areas of the country. Finally, some suggestions are given in connection with future research on the order Ephemeroptera in Cuba.
Subject(s)
Animals , Insecta , Cuba , DemographyABSTRACT
Examina o pensamento do zoólogo brasileiro Cândido de Mello Leitão (1886-1948). Explora aspectos do seu pensamento relacionados à preocupação com a valorização do conhecimento científico e da natureza em toda a sua diversidade. Destaca episódios relevantes de sua biografia pessoal e profissional, bem como analisa parte de sua produção bibliográfica, publicada entre 1935 e 1947. Mello Leitão afirmava a necessidade de um processo civilizador que reconciliasse o homem e o mundo natural, processo no qual ciência e Estado teriam responsabilidades a compartilhar, sobretudo no Brasil, país que ele considerava estar em busca de identidade nacional e de um modelo de civilização.
This exploration of the thought of Brazilian zoologist Cândido de Mello Leitão (1886-1948) concentrates on his concern with valuing scientific knowledge and nature in all its diversity. The article highlights relevant episodes from his personal and professional life and analyzes part of his bibliographic production, published between 1935 and 1947. Mello Leitão asserted the need for a civilizing process that could reconcile man and the natural world. Science and the State should share responsibilities in this endeavor, especially in Brazil, which Mello Leitão felt was searching for a national identity and a model of civilization.